Evidence synthesis Mixed or uncertain 488 participants represented across cortisol and perceived-stress analyses
Ashwagandha and stress: cortisol moved, perceived stress did not
The pooled trials found lower cortisol, but they did not find a statistically significant improvement in perceived stress. That mismatch matters: a biomarker change is not the same as feeling better or functioning better. The studies also had moderate risk of bias and did not settle long-term safety, dosing, or product equivalence.
- What was studied
- Mixed oral ashwagandha extracts using different plant parts, withanolide specifications, doses, and durations
- Setting
- Studied alone
- Why it ranks here
- The biological marker moved while the patient-reported outcome did not, so a broad claim that ashwagandha reduces stress would outrun the data.
Limits and cautions
- Cortisol is a biomarker and cannot substitute for a patient-reported or functional outcome.
- The perceived-stress result was not statistically significant.
- Risk of bias was generally moderate, with some allocation-concealment problems.
- The pooled products used different plant parts, extract specifications, doses, and durations.
- Long-term safety and effectiveness across diverse populations remain unresolved.
This record does not establish ashwagandha as a treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, or another mental-health condition. Persistent or severe symptoms deserve qualified care.